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Four lawsuits reach federal court. In the first, voters allege that their state government is not "republican" because the legislature allows statewide initiatives to override statutes. In the second, a federal judge removed after impeachment alleges that the Senate violated the Constitution by appointing a committee to receive evidence and then reporting to the full Senate. In the third, voters allege that congressional districts violate equal population rules. In the fourth, voters allege that the same districts are an extreme partisan gerrymander under the federal Constitution. In a fifth claim joined to the same litigation, an environmental group challenges an agency's interpretation of a statute implementing an international whaling agreement.
The defendants argue that all claims are nonjusticiable political questions because they involve political matters.
Analyze which claims are justiciable and which are political questions.